What is HPV?
Genital papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted infection (IPP).The causative agent of papillomavirus infection is human papillomaviruses (HPV).Human papillomaviruses are a group of viruses that include about 100 different species.More than 30 types of HPV are sexually transmitted, the genitals and anus of women and men are infected.
Most infected people do not know about their illness, have no clinical manifestations and can also spontaneously recover.
Some of these viruses are called "high carcinogenic risk viruses", they can cause precancerous lesions of the genitals.Recent studies have confirmed the main role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer.High risk HPV also plays a role in the appearance of vulva cancer, vagina in women and penis cancer in men.High-risk viruses include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69 types of HPV species are responsible for 95-98% of cases of cervical cancer.They cause an increase in abnormal cells, which is usually flat and almost invisible during the usual study compared to benign warts that are caused by low -risk viruses - 6, 11 species.Benign anogenital warts appear 2 to 6 months after infection.Regarding the development of precancerous or cancerous changes related to HPV transportation, years have left years and spontaneous treatment for HPV has often occurred.
The infection is most common at the age of 15 to 40 years and affects the same women and men.Up to 50 years of life, about 80 percent of women will acquire HPV infection.
About 50-75% of sexually active people are infected with HPV throughout their lives and in most cases the infection does not cause disease and is spontaneously cured.
Approximately 90% of HIV infected also have HPV infection.
How is HPV transmitted
The infection of human papillomas is transmitted through sexual contact.Most of the infected do not have visible manifestations of the disease and therefore HPV carriers do not know about their infection and can infect their sexual partners.Sometimes an infected mother can infect a newborn during childbirth.This can lead to the so -called papillomatosis of the larynx of newborns.
Infection
Most infected people do not know about it.HPV often does not cause any manifestations on the skin and mucous membranes.Some people develop sex warts or precancerous changes occur on the cervix, vulva, anal region or penis.Very rarely, these changes go directly into cancer.From infection to the development of severe dysplasia, an average of 20 years pass.Most women have been spontaneously cured for 9 to 15 months from the time of infection.The main manifestation of papillomavirus infection is sexual warts or pointed warts (VPV 6 and 11 are caused) - soft warty formations of a short thin leg, resembling colored cabbage or comb with a rooster (penis head, penis, lips, vagina, neck of the uterus).Acute warts occur 2 to 6 months after the infection.Visible warts are found during the study.
Infection diagnosis
Condilation diagnostics are performed on the basis of inspection.HPV diagnosis high risk of campugue and related changes, a more difficult task.The diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the cervix based on many is based on a cytological analysis of the smears (examination of smear under a microscope).However, it has a number of significant drawbacks - complexity, low sensitivity and high incidence of unclear results.The US Committee FDA (Committee on Medicines and Food) has approved HPV study with the chain reaction method of polymerase - PCR, which can determine 13 types of HPV high risk.HPV PCR has a high sensitivity, easy to execute.Joint use of cytological tests and PCR tests can significantly increase the efficiency of the diagnosis, sensitivity increases to 99 - 100%.It is important to identify HPV high risk that it occurs long before precancerous changes in the mucous membranes occur.
It is recommended that PCR tests of HPV at high risk:
- - As a major method, in addition to cytology for women over 30 years.
- - to resolve the dubious results of cytological studies.
- - patients undergoing dysplasia or cancer.
- - In the first stage of diagnosis for countries where papillomavirus infection programs are poorly organized.
- - For the study of men.
Is it possible to cure this disease?
The diagnosis and treatment of PPI should be carried out in the conditions of a specialized clinic - SSZ, which has all the necessary means for a quick and accurate diagnosis.
Today, there is no specific medicine against HPV.There are many methods for removing a wart, but the disease can return again as the virus remains in the human body.Relapses are possible in 25% of cases for 3 months after treatment.In the treatment of warts, a study of sexual partners is required.However, more sexual partners are infected with HPV and simply have no visible manifestations of the disease.
The treatment of precancerous diseases is the use of chemical, physical and other methods to change the structure of the affected areas of the mucous membranes, as well as the use of immunity -stimulating drugs.In the future, an annual cytological examination and the determination of HPV by PCR is required.
What is the connection between HPV and cervical cancer?
Only facts:
- High -risk papillomas viruses are the main cause of cervical cancer.
- In cases of severe dysplasia (preservation) and cervical cancer, HPV is detected in almost 100% of cases.
- Identification of HPV is associated with a 250-fold increase in the risk of severe dysplasia.
- Cervical cancer ranks 1st among the causes of female mortality in developing countries.
- Cervical cancer ranks 2nd after breast cancer among women at the death of the world 250,000 cases a year.
- In Russia, 12,300 women receive cervical cancer annually, and over 6,000 patients die annually.
- In the last 10 years, the average age of patients has declined from 58 to 55 years.
- In women under 29 years, the frequency has increased 2 times.
- The high risk of HPV is caused by cervical cancer in 100% of cases, anus cancer is 90%, vaginal cancer and vulva - 40%, penis cancer - 40% and oropharynx cancer in 12% of cases.
- The US Cancer Society is scheduled for 2004, which in approximately 10,520 women will develop aggressive cervical cancer, and approximately 3900 women will die of the disease.Most women with aggressive cervical cancer have not undergone the proper examination of HPV infection.
Prevention of infection
The most secure way to prevent sexual HPV infection is to refrain from any sexual contact with another individual.
Long -term sexual relations with a permanent sexual partner do not give a 100% guarantee of HPV infection.It is difficult to determine without special tests whether a sexual partner is currently infected.
Men's latex condoms, with proper use, reduce the risk of infection.
Any manifestations, such as pain or unpleasant urination sensations, unusual rash, disposal are a signal for stopping sexual intercourse and immediate examination at a specialized clinic.If the patient is found by the APP, he or she must inform his sexual partners so that they can also undergo complete examination and appropriate treatment.This will reduce the risk of serious complications and prevent the possibility of recurrence.